1. ใช้สัญลักษณ์แทนคำ (Use Symbols to Replace Words)
Examples:
| Symbol | Word that is replaced | Symbol | Word that is replaced |
| = | equal | > | greater than, more than |
| ≠ | not equal | < | less than |
| & หรือ + | and | $ | money, dollars, value, cost |
| w/ | with | vs | versus, against, opposed |
| w/o | without | + | increasing, improving, rising |
| * | important | ¯ | decreasing, worsening, falling |
| ** | very important | c | hundred |
| m or k | thousand |
2. ใช้อักษรย่อแทนคำทั้งคำ (Use Abbreviations Instead of the Whole Words)
Examples:
| Abbreviation | Word that is replaced | Abbreviation | Word that is replaced |
| eg | for example | psych | psychology |
| mx | maximum | cond | condition |
| mn | minimum | exp | experience |
| dept | department | subj | subject |
| ed | education | glycolysis | gly |
| id | identity | micro | microbiology |
3. ใช้พยางค์แรกแทนคำทั้งคำ (Use First Syllables Instead of the Whole Words)
Examples:| First Syllable | Word that is replaced | First Syllable | Word that is replaced |
| pol | politics | sys | system |
| bio | biology | env | environment |
| eng | engineering | org | organism |
| carc | carcinogenic | rela | relationship |
| comp | comparison, compare | chem | chemical |
4. ใช้อักษรตัวแรกแทนคำทั้งคำ (Use First Letters Instead of the Whole Words)
วิธีนี้ใช้ได้เหมาะสมก็ต่อเมื่อความคิดสำคัญหรือคำหลักนั้นมีการกล่าวซ้ำหลายๆ ครั้งในระหว่างการบรรยาย
Examples:
| First Letter | Word that is replaced |
| M | metamorphosis |
| C | capitalism |
| D | determinism |
| G | government |
| D | democracy |
5. ตัดหรือละเว้นสระออกจากคำ (Omit Vowels from Words)
Examples:| Voweless Word | Word that is replaced | Voweless Word | Word that is replaced |
| bkgnd | background | cnsnt | constant |
| estmt | estimate | isltn | isolation |
| rdng | reading | frdm | freedom |
| prprd | prepared | lrn | learn |
| prblm | problem | smmry | summary |
6. ใช้ "g" แทน "ing" และใช้ "n" แทน "tion" (Use a "g" Instead of "ing" or "n" Instead of "tion")
Examples:| Word Ending | Word that is replaced | Word Ending | Word that is replaced |
| distractn | distraction | natn | nation |
| orderg | ordering | compromisg | compromising |
| maintaing | maintaining | regulatg | regulating |
| bldg | building | conventn | convention |
| constitn | constitution | segregatn | segregation |
7. ใช้ตัวเลขและตัวอักษรแทนพยางค์ (Use Numbers and Letters to Replace Syllables)
Examples:| Shortened Word | Word that is replaced | Shortened Word | Word that is replaced |
| cooper8 | cooperate | oper8 | operate |
| methio9 | methionine | 4est | forest |
| cre8 | create | nfatu8 | infatuate |
| 42n8 | fortunate | 2way | two-way |
| 4n | foreign | cson | season |
| b4 | before | n2ition | intuition |
8. ย่อข้อความให้สั้นลงโดยบันทึกแต่เพียงคำสำคัญเท่านั้น (Condense by Recording only Key Words)
Example lecture:
| Today we are going to talk about Behavioral Learning Theories of which there are three. In general, Behavioral Theorists focus on observable behavior. One theory of learning based on behavior is Pavlovian Conditioning or Classical Conditioning. This involves a reflexive response associated with a new stimulus. For example, a reflexive response of a dog when he sees food is to salivate. In Classical Pavlovian Conditioning, we can teach a dog to salivate when a bell rings, a new stimulus, by teaching a dog to associate a ringing bell with food. Another Behavioral Learning Theory is Observational Learning. This occurs when behavior is imitated by another. This behavior is easily seen in children as they imitate parental behavior whether it is desired behavior or not. For example, if children hear parents swear in a moment of anger, it is not unusual to hear children add those words to their burgeoning vocabulary. A third Behavioral Learning Theory is called Operant Conditioning. This involves taking a voluntary response, desired behavior, and strengthen it using reinforcements. Potty training a child as an example. Parents will praise a child, offer candy or other rewards to encourage repeated toilet use.” |
ตัวอย่างโน๊ตที่ย่อแล้ว:
| 3 Behav. Lrng theories 1. Pavlovian/Classical - assoc. Reflexive resp. w/ new stim. Ex - dog salivates when hears bell = assoc. W/food 2. Observational - imitate others we see. Ex. - dad swears and son picks it up. 3. Operant - volun. resp.(desired behav.) strengthen w/ rein. Ex - toilet training |
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ที่มา poowiang
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